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Smilax aristolochiifolia
''Smilax aristolochiifolia'', also known as gray sarsaparilla,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=USDA GRIN Taxonomy )〕 Mexican sarsaparilla,〔 sarsaparilla,〔 is a species in the genus ''Smilax'' and the family Smilacaceae, native to Mexico and Central America.〔(Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families )〕〔 It is widely used as traditional medicine to treat many symptoms.〔
==Description==
Sarsaparilla is a perennial woody climber with tendrils, thin branches and extended ovate leaves that grows about 4 to 5 meters vertically.〔 Its paper-like leaves are pinnate veined, leathery and alternatively arranged.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.sfrc.ufl.edu/4h/Smilax/smilax.htm )〕 The leaves' width ranges from 10 to 30 cm and the petioles' length is about 5 cm.〔 It is known for its small red berries with 2 or 3 seeds and small green flowers.〔〔 The flowers are radially symmetrical, dioecious and have umbel inflorescence of 12 flowers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sarsaparilla, Wild )〕〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.botany.wisc.edu/garden/UW-Botanical_Garden/Smilaceae.html )〕 The berries are produced in the fall or in the late summer〔 and stays intact through the winter for animals and birds to eat.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://floraneotropical.blogspot.com/2011/03/smilax-spp-zarzaparrilla.html )〕 Thus the pollination occurs as the unharmed seeds are found in the feces.〔 The surface of the stem is smooth; it also is bent and have thorns at the joints.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.racehorseherbal.com/Dry_Herbs/Roots/Roots_Names/Mexican_Sarsaparilla/mexican_sarsaparilla.html )〕 The hairy roots of sarsaparilla are fibrous and may have few rootlets growing out.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://chestofbooks.com/health/materia-medica-drugs/Manual-Pharmacology/Sarsaparilla-Sarsaparilla.html )〕 They have stiff surface and are deep-rooted, which grows from 2 to 2.5 meters.〔〔 The color of the roots ranges from brownish gray to black.〔
Sarsaparilla is a persistent plant; even when most roots are cut off from the stem, roots will grow few years later but will be slender and less starchy.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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